It has been a strong few years for the ASX, but as every investor knows, markets don't move in a straight line. Volatility and downturns are inevitable.
The good news is that with the right approach, you can ride out the tough times and still grow your wealth in the long run.
Here are some ways smart investors protect their portfolios when markets turn south.
Diversify across sectors and geographies
One of the biggest risks investors face is concentration. Holding too much in a single stock or sector leaves your portfolio vulnerable if that part of the market struggles.
For example, if your portfolio is tech-heavy, then a downturn in the tech sector could hold your portfolio back.
A mix of ASX blue chips, growth shares, and global shares can smooth returns.
Exchange traded funds (ETFs) make this easy. For example, the Vanguard Australian Shares Index ETF (ASX: VAS) gives exposure to the top 300 local shares, while the iShares S&P 500 ETF (ASX: IVV) provides instant access to the U.S. market. Combining the two gives you balance across economies.
Keep an eye on dividends
During downturns, share prices may fall, but dividends can keep paying. Income streams from reliable shares can provide stability and even reinvestment opportunities at lower prices.
Stocks like Telstra Group Ltd (ASX: TLS) and APA Group (ASX: APA) are examples of businesses that continue to generate cash flows and support shareholder payouts even in weaker markets. Adding a few dependable and defensive dividend payers can help cushion volatility.
Maintain a long-term perspective
It is tempting to react to every market wobble, but history shows that patience is often rewarded. Over the long run, the ASX has delivered average annual returns of around 9% to 10%, despite multiple recessions and financial crises along the way.
Warren Buffett famously said: "The stock market is designed to transfer money from the active to the patient."
By keeping your focus on the long-term growth of quality ASX shares and ETFs, short-term downturns become opportunities rather than threats.
Foolish takeaway
Market downturns are part of the investing journey, not the end of it. By diversifying your holdings, owning defensive stocks, and keeping a long-term perspective, you can protect your portfolio while positioning yourself for the recovery that inevitably follows.
Rather than fearing the next downturn, use it as a chance to reinforce your strategy — and perhaps even pick up quality ASX shares at better prices.
